![]() ![]() This data processing was accomplished by processing punched cards through various unit record machines in a carefully choreographed progression. ![]() They allowed large volume, sophisticated data-processing tasks to be accomplished before electronic computers were invented and while they were still in their infancy. Unit record machines came to be as ubiquitous in industry and government in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century as computers became in the last third. Starting at the end of the nineteenth century, well before the advent of electronic computers, data processing was performed using electromechanical machines collectively referred to as unit record equipment, electric accounting machines ( EAM) or tabulating machines. Electromechanical machines which processed data using punch cards
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